Attitude towards tobacco consumption among residents of Dhankuta Municipality of Nepal

The use of tobacco is a major cause of preventable mortality. The estimated number of smokers is 1.1 billion. Of these, 700 million men and 100 million women are in developing countries. The objective of this study was to find out attitude towards tobacco consumption among residents of Dhankuta Municipality. The cross sectional study was conducted among the residents of Dhankuta Municipality where 205 households were taken as subjects. Pretested semi structured questionnaire was administered to the study subjects and face to face interview was conducted. The collected data was entered in MS Excel 2000. The quantitative data was analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences SPSS software package. The study subjects consist of 50.2 of male and 49.8 of female. Regarding respondent's education, study population showed high level of SLC and above 40.5 followed by below SLC 36.1 and very less was illiterate 14.1 . Majority of the respondents think that there should be ban of the advertising of tobacco products 87.3 and smoking in public places 79 . Almost 67 of respondents think that patient's chances of quitting smoking will be increased if health professionals will give advice to patients. Almost 72.6 of the study population feel cut down tobacco use and 80.3 feel guilty about this habit. Almost 65.8 have tried to discontinue tobacco consumption. We conclude that the residents of Dhankuta reflect good attitude towards cessation of tobacco but poor practice to prevent of tobacco consumption. Dr. Ram Bilakshan Sah | Jha N "Attitude towards tobacco consumption among residents of Dhankuta Municipality of Nepal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-4 , June 201

On the Applications of a New Technique to Solve Linear Differential Equations, with and without Source

A general method for solving linear differential equations of arbitrary order, is used to arrive at new representations for the solutions of the known differential equations, both without and with a source term. A new quasi-solvable potential has also been constructed taking recourse to the above method.Comment: This is a contribution to the Vadim Kuznetsov Memorial Issue on Integrable Systems and Related Topics, published in SIGMA (Symmetry, Integrability and Geometry: Methods and Applications) at http://www.emis.de/journals/SIGMA

Redressing racial inequities through water law in South Africa: revisiting old contradictions? Draft

Water lawCatchment areasRiver basinsSocial aspectsPovertyInstitutional development

NYĀYA PHILOSOPHY OF EMOTION

In this paper an attempt is made to present the analysis by Gautama of “human emotions” expressed through body, speech and mind. In his Nyayasutra 1.1.2 he theorises this. According to him, emotions are the outcome of misconception, misunderstanding, misinterpretation, or ignorance. Emotions can be good and bad. But looking from the point of view of ultimate goal of life namely, liberation, even good emotions are nothing but binding factors and as long as these are entertained one cannot be out of the cycle of death and birth. Misunderstanding creates emotions; emotions contribute to the formation of attitudes, good or bad, which lead to good or bad acts which, in turn, leave behind impressions which are responsible for keeping a man in the cycle of death and birth. All human sufferings, therefore, are rooted in misunderstanding. One must, therefore, break this chain and that can be broken only by true cognition or knowledge of fact or truth. In my view, the Nyayasutra 1.1.2 is a comprehensive analysis of human emotion, behaviour, action and purpose and a philosophy of transformation of human life

Supplemental Oxygen for Paratroopers and Sky Divers

Parajumping and sky diving in Armed Forces are used for rapid and strategic troop’s deployments. In the combat free fall (CFF), the troops are paradropped from high altitudes in excess of 30,000 ft above mean sea level (AMSL) when they glide to a great distance, often within the enemy lines. Physiology of parajumping necessitates supplemental oxygen above 15,000 ft AMSL. Possibility of serious hypoxia and decompression sickness mandate the usage of supplemental oxygen through dedicated equipment. Other considerations such as effects of hypoxia on tissue oxygenation, physical and mental performance, neuronal functions, night vision, and prevailing anxiety factors, etc. also assume significance. Factors like intermittent hypoxic exposures, free fall, effects of posture during fall, and possible microgravity become mitigating factors. Owing to limited oxygen supply being carried by the paratroopers, using dilution method in providing the breathing gas too assumes importance at times as a trade-off between requirements and supply. This paper reviews the literatures to extent possible and recommends certain concepts for an optimal oxygen usage during the high altitude parajumps.Defence Science Journal, 2012, 62(1), pp.51-57, DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.62.59